When a form says “not quite,” what should happen next?

Imagine someone submitting a short application form, only to find one answer needs correcting. Should the interface show a clear fix beside that field, or summarize the issue at the top and let them decide where to go?

The first keeps the repair close to the problem; the second can make the overall status easier to see. Which would help a first-time user recover with less guesswork—and what would you watch for in a usability test?